定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点:
(1)the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如:the fern(蕨类),the wallflower
(2)序数词之前必须用the,如:the first woman,the nineteenth century ,但前面有物主代词时除外,如my first baby
(3)形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如:the largest city,the most advanced technology
(4)of连接的名词前多用the,如:the development of the watch
(5)世界上独一无二的东西前应加the,如:the globe(地球),the equator(赤道),the moon,the sun
在下列情况下,一般不用the:
(1)表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前,一般不加,如:Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语),February(二月),America(美国)
但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the the Great Lakes(美国五大湖),the Changjiang River(长江)
(2)无特指的不可数名词前,如:algebra(代数学),advertising,accounting(会计学)
(3)表示类别的复数名词前,如:Historians believe that…,Amphibians(两栖动物)hatch from
(4)一些固定词组中,如:in history,in nature,at work,at home,go to school,go to bed,in bed
乘车的词组:
by train(乘火车),by car (乘汽车),by bicycle(骑脚踏车),by bus (乘公共汽车),by land(由陆路),by sea (由海路),by water (由水路) ,by air (通过航空),on foot (步行),by plane(乘飞机),by ship (乘船)
打球的词组:
play tennis,play baseball,play basketball
注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可,如:He was elected (the)chairman of the committee. 不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用,下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名词:much,a large amount of,a great deal of,a wealth of(大量的、丰富的)little /a little /less /least,a piece /sheet /slice /bar of,属不可数名词专用另外一些词(词组)如such,some /any (of),most (of),a lot of,lots of,the rest of,plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。有些形容词本身就具有“比…。年长”、“ 比………优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。