【模拟练习】
Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet (长柄平底煎锅) is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary tract ( 消化道 ) more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope (荧光检查仪), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum ( 权威意见) has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so tar as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric ( 胃的 )apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile ( 胆汁 ) mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.
We don\'t need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an "oracle" ( 圣贤) suffered from dyspepsia (消化不良) which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.
56. This passage focuses on__________.
A． why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipment
B． the digestibility of fried foods
C． how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food preparation
D． why fried foods have long been frowned upon
57. People engaged in active labor eat fried foods because __________.
A． they are healthful
B． they are much cheaper
C． they can be easily digested
D． they can provide the calories the workers need
58. The author implies that the public should__________.
A． prepare some foods by frying
B． avoid fried foods if possible
C． fry foods for adults but not for children
D． prepare all foods by frying
59. When the author says that "an \'oracle\' suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu" he is being__________.
A． grateful B． factual C． sarcastic D． humorous
60. The passage was probably taken from__________.
A． a medical journal
B． a publication addressed to the general public
C． a speech at a medical convention
D． an advertisement for cooking oil
【参考译文】
很长时间以来，人们都不喜欢油炸食品。然而，长柄平底煎锅基本上是我们厨房里最方便、最有用的厨具。[57]健壮的伐木工 人以及其他从事体力劳动的人员，每天需要4000卡路里或者更多的热量，他们吃的食物中的有三分之一是用这种煎锅来烹饪的。用煎锅烹制的肉、蛋和法式土司 每天都会出现在千百万人家的餐桌上。很明显，困扰这些食用者的不是消化不良的迹象越来越多，而是那些坚持只用烘、烤、煮的方法烹饪的人对他们的折磨。数年 前，一位非常著名的生理学家研究了油炸薯条的可消化性。他发现，用平底锅烹制食物时，不用油炸要比油炸的更容易被吸收。汪是，比起蒸煮过的食物，经过油炸 的食物更容易在消化道里分解。并且，当通过荧光检查仪观察胃里食物的消化过程时他还发现，实际上脂肪可加快消化的速度。而现在这些发现都与“权威”说法相 悖、营养方面的书籍汗牛充栋，其中油炸食品有害的权威说法随处可见——孩子绝对不能吃任何油炸食物。一些书籍甚至完全禁止使用煎炸这种烹饪方式。时不时还 会有某位专家大胆地指出自己进行了亲身试验，但他吃了油炸食物身体却安然无恙的原因在于自己的胃功能强大。当然，我们可以重复阅读这些好文章．直到感觉味 同嚼蜡、无聊透顶。但是(油炸)这种含有起酥油的彻底加热的方式，并不像之前人们所定义的那样糟糕。这样的食物不仅不会阻碍胆囊收缩，反而会刺激其收缩。 这样，这些胆汁就能在营养物从胃里流出之后迅速与其混合。
[58]我们没有必要让我们的食品浸在油里，但与此相反：油炸食品这个方法被广泛禁 止好像也没有什么依据。但是这一观念却根深蒂固。[59]人们最初对油炸食品的非难，可能源自某位“圣贤”，这位前辈偶尔消化不良就认定是吃了菜单上某些 油炸食品的结果。于是他的这种论调传播开来。不少人赞同他的观点，后来人们就把这种信条写入教科书了。现在，这种信条是一种传统的定义，而不是经过验证的 事实，这种信条早就该被推翻了，因为实践已经证明了它的荒谬。
【答案解析】
56．B
定位：根据题干信息this passage focuses on可知解答本题需通观全文。 解析： 整篇文章谈论的主题是油炸食品是否易于消化。第一段提到：人们一直不喜欢油炸食品，因为据说这种食品不好消化，但科学家却发现，经过油炸的食物更容易在消 化道里分解。第二段提到：人们反对油炸食品，说其会引起消化不良，是因为这种说法已经成为传统，但它却并非被证明了的事实，而实践已经证明了它的荒谬。综 上所述，这篇文章的主题就是me digestibility of tried foods。故选B。
57．D
定位：根据题干信息people engaged in active labor可将答案定位到第一段第三句。
解析：该句提到：“健壮的伐木工人以及其他从事体力劳动的人员，每天需要4000卡路里或者更多的热量，他们吃的食物中约有三分之一是用这种煎锅来烹饪的。”由此可知，从事体力劳动的人员需要吃油炸食物是因为这类食物能提供足够的热量。故选D。
58．A
定位：根据题干信息implies that the public should可将答案定位到第二段第一句。
解 析：题干问作者对公众烹饪食品有何建议，作者在第一段提到，据实验证明，油炸食品非但不会导致消化不良，而且还比较容易消化。第二段开头处又提到：“我们 没有必要让我们的食品浸在油里，但与此相反，油炸食品这个方法被广泛禁止好像也没有什么依据。”可见，作者的观点是人们是可以食用一些油炸食品的。故选 A。
59．C
定位：根据题干信息an“oracle”suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu可将答案定位到第二段第二句。
解 析：题干中的引文选自第二段中间处，作者提到：“人们最初对油炸食品的非难，可能源自某位。圣贤’，这位前辈偶尔消化不良就认定是吃了菜单上某些油炸食品 的结果。于是他的这种论调传播开来”作者的讽刺语气跃然纸上。加之oracle本身就在引号里，更足以证明其讽刺性。故选C。
60．B
定位：根据题于信息taken from可知解答本题需通观全文。
解析：题干问这篇文章的出处。从文章内容和风格来看，应该是节选自一本大众科普读物，它既不像医学杂志、会议发言文章那样严谨，也不像广告那样以产品为核心。因此正确答案为B项。
